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What (who) is oxidation ditch - definition
.jpg?width=200 "Activated sludge addition (seeding) to a pilot scale membrane bioreactor in Germany")
![Surface aerator for aeration tank at activated sludge sewage treatment plant (at Morro Alto Treatment Plant, [[Vespasiano]], Brazil)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Activated sludge sewage treatment plant aeration tank.png?width=200 "Surface aerator for aeration tank at activated sludge sewage treatment plant (at Morro Alto Treatment Plant, [[Vespasiano]], Brazil)")
![Davyhulme Sewage Works Laboratory]], where the activated sludge process was developed in the early 20th century](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Davyhulme Laboratory - early 20th century.jpg?width=200 "Davyhulme Sewage Works Laboratory]], where the activated sludge process was developed in the early 20th century")
![Aerial photo of Kuryanovo wastewater treatment plant in [[Moscow]], Russia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Moscow Kuryanovo wastewater plant asv2018-08.jpg?width=200 "Aerial photo of Kuryanovo wastewater treatment plant in [[Moscow]], Russia")
![Sueca]], [[Valencian Community]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1. Canos de Sueca i Séquia Major (País Valencià).jpg?width=200 "Sueca]], [[Valencian Community]]")
![Ditches at the [[Ouse Washes]] [[nature reserve]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ouse Ditches.JPG?width=200 "Ditches at the [[Ouse Washes]] [[nature reserve]].")
![Waterplants growing in a ditch in the Netherlands, showing ''[[Sagittaria sagittifolia]]'' to the right.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Waterplanten sloot alphen aan den rijn.JPG?width=200 "Waterplants growing in a ditch in the Netherlands, showing ''[[Sagittaria sagittifolia]]'' to the right.")
Wikipedia
The activated sludge process is a type of biological wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa. It uses air (or oxygen) and microorganisms to biologically oxidize organic pollutants, producing a waste sludge (or floc) containing the oxidized material.
The activated sludge process for removing carbonaceous pollution begins with an aeration tank where air (or oxygen) is injected into the waste water. This is followed by a settling tank to allow the biological flocs (the sludge blanket) to settle, thus separating the biological sludge from the clear treated water. Part of the waste sludge is recycled to the aeration tank and the remaining waste sludge is removed for further treatment and ultimate disposal.
Plant types include package plants, oxidation ditch, deep shaft/vertical treatment, surface-aerated basins, sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Aeration methods include diffused aeration, surface aerators (cones) or, rarely, pure oxygen aeration.
Sludge bulking can occur which makes activated sludge difficult to settle and frequently has an adverse impact on final effluent quality. Treating sludge bulking and managing the plant to avoid a recurrence requires skilled management and may require full-time staffing of a works to allow immediate intervention. A new development of the activated sludge process is the Nereda process which produces a granular sludge that settles very well.
